Linguistic and Conversational Repairs

In conversation analysis, repair is the process by which a speaker recognizes a speech error and repeats what has been said with some sort of correction. Also called speech repair,  conversational repair, self-repair, linguistic repair, reparation, false start, accommodation, and restart. A linguistic repair may be marked by a hesitation and an editing term (such as, I mean) and is sometimes regarded as a type of dysfluency. The term repair in the linguistic sense was introduced by Victoria Fromkin in her article The Non-Anomalous Nature of Anomalous Utterances, published in Language, March 1971. Examples and Observations Well, I think it’s--you know, I think this has gone beyond, as it were, Al Qaida as a specific network. I mean, this is--there is no central command in this ideology, the way that, you know, you would normally describe one unit of--that leads an operation. It’s not like that.(Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, CNN interview, Dec. 8, 2008)We dont really move. I mean, wed like to, but my mom is sort of attached to the house. Attached is, I guess, not the right word. Shes pretty much wedged in.(Johnny Depp as Gilbert in Whats Eating Gilbert Grape, 1993)If I need to stand up in front of an audience and give a speech and its an audience full of educated people from all walks of life, then I would feel embarrassed about not using correct grammar. I wouldnt want to stand in front and say, She dont . . . or He dont . . .. I wouldnt want to say that. But the thing is that I say it so much that its like I know I would say it at a time that I probably shouldnt say it. But t he thing is that what I try to do is when I say that in certain circles, I try to correct myself and I find myself thinking in the middle of my sentences, What word do I say next? Which verb agreement am I supposed to use?(Reia, quoted by Sonja L. Lanehart in Sista, Speak!: Black Women Kinfolk Talk About Language and Literacy. University of Texas Press, 2002) Self-Repair and Other-Repair Repairs are variously classified as self-repair (corrections, etc. made by speakers themselves responsible), vs. other-repair (made by their interlocutors); as self-initiated (made by a speaker without querying or prompting) vs. other-initiated (made in response to querying or prompting).(P.H. Matthews, Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics, 1997)Cordelia Chase: I just dont see why everyones always picking on Marie-Antoinette. I can so relate to her. She worked really hard to look that good, and people just dont appreciate that kind of effort. And I know the peasants were all depressed.Xander Harris: I think you mean oppressed.Cordelia Chase: Whatever. They were cranky.(Charisma Carpenter and Nicholas Brendon in Lie to Me. Buffy the Vampire Slayer, 1997) Types of Repair Sequences Self-initiated self-repair: Repair is both initiated and carried out by the speaker of the trouble source.Other-initiated self-repair: Repair is carried out by the speaker of the trouble source but initiated by the recipient.Self-initiated other-repair: The speaker of a trouble source may try and get the recipient to repair the trouble--for instance if a name is proving troublesome to remember.Other-initiated other-repair: The recipient of a trouble source turn both initiates and carries out the repair. This is closest to what is conventionally called correction. [T]here are four varieties of repair sequences:(Ian Hutchby and Robin Wooffitt, Conversation Analysis. Polity, 2008) Repairs and the Speech Process One of the ways that linguists have learned about speech production is through the study of repair. The early seminal studies of Fromkin argued that a variety of speech errors (neologisms, word substitutions, blends, misordered constituents) demonstrated the psychological reality of phonological, morphological and syntactic rules and provided evidence for ordered phases in speech production. Such studies have also suggested that although speakers have no little or no overt access to their own speech processes, they are able to continuously monitor their own speech, and if they detect a problem, to then self-interrupt, hesitate and/or use editing terms, and then make the repair. (Deborah Schiffrin, In Other Words. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006) The Lighter Side of Self-Repair With stealthy steps he crept to the head of the stairs and descended.One uses the verb descend advisedly, for, what is required is some word suggesting instantaneous activity. About Baxters progress from the second floor to the first there was nothing halting or hesitating. He, so to speak, did it now. Planting his foot firmly on a golf-ball which the Hon. Freddie Threepwood, who had been ​practicing putting in the corridor before retiring to bed, had left in his casual fashion just where the steps began, he took the entire staircase in one majestic, volplaning sweep. There were eleven stairs in all separating his landing from the landing below, and the only ones he hit were the third and tenth. He came to rest with a squattering thud on the lower landing, and for a moment or two the fever of the chase left him.(P.G. Wodehouse, Leave It to Psmith, 1923)

Interracial Marriage Between Asian Men And Women - 860 Words

Before I start researching for this topic, I noticed that most of the interracial romantic relationships among Asian on campus involved Asian women. Is that mean Asian women tend to attract and fall in love with the different race as themselves? What cause the imbalance interracial dating or marriage between Asian men and women? Would Asian men or women feel more superior when they have interracial relationships? I believe this situation can be explained in three aspects: experience of racial discrimination, family expectations and socially expectation. These are the factors that lead to the imbalance in men and women in interracial romantic relationships. Asian American men were once in the past that got discriminate against in the United States both institutionally and individually. Asian gain their populations rapidly and more acceptable in US because of the concept of American Dream and the open door policy in the 1980s. (Madsen, 1995) Before the open door policy, there was once another policy about the Chinese, which was the Chinese exclusion act 1882. (Railton, 2013) This act denied all Chinese workers from immigrating to United States. This is the first act that focuses on a particular ethnic group. The reason behind this act is that the economy of the United States was depressed, mainly because of the low salary and large population of Chinese labor. Even though this act is no longer active, but the fact that it has existed before create a mindset to theShow MoreRelatedRacial Relations: Dating Interratially 1085 Words   |  5 Pagesare open into interracial dating, but there are many people in American society who do not feel the same way. In fact, there are quite a lot of people who oppose interracial dating. 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Disadvantages of mobile phones in social relationship free essay sample

?The development of mobile phones brought convenient and advantages to the world. Communication between people and people are easier and fast. Though, the disadvantages brought along with the fast grown technology cannot be ignored. These problems not only influenced people personally but also the society. The problem is many people do not make effective use of the mobile phone device as they should, which often affect our social lives negatively. Cyber-sickness: With the increased addiction to social networks and internet games, people are spending more time on computers and give up on their normal offline life. This has resulted into relation breakups and increases loneliness. Social implications – access to harmful information which corrupts people’s minds and drives them to commit crime. People use search engines to find information on how to create harmful weapons and how to commit wrong acts in society. health affected from the use of mobile phones because it contains magnetic waves. We will write a custom essay sample on Disadvantages of mobile phones in social relationship or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mobile phones contain magnetic waves which is dangerous to human especially young children who immune system doesn’t enough develop yet. They might suffer a severe disease such as brain cancer. Compare to the adult, the children have the potential to be affected is higher. Thus, the use of mobile phones affected the children health. Additionally, people spend less time bonding with there family and friends. †¢ Next,people just contact through phone and became too lazy meeting outside. †¢ Mobile phones also disturb us on our works and studies he Disadvantages of Mobile Phones Every coin has two faces. Same goes with the mobile technology. It has numerous advantages but it also brings with it some disadvantages. Effect on Health One of it is the radiations of mobile phones that are causing serious health hazards to the users. The mobile phone users are more prone to brain tumors, ear defects, headaches and blurring of vision. The mobile phones use microwave radiations to transmit data or more clearly they use these radiations to connect. For this base stations are to be installed in various parts of the city so that effective coverage can be given to the users. These microwaves lead to serious health problems. it can cause the damage to the DNA, a causative factor for mutation in species, eye vision getting blurred and eye cancer, infertility, hyperactivity in new born children and different type of damages to the ear and tympanic membrane which can cause hearing defects in the individuals who excessively use mobile. Addiction in teenagers Due to low priced services in the form of postpaid and prepaid the teenagers can easily avail mobile telephony. Here the benefits get converted to disadvantages when the device is over used every time and at every place. The teenagers are talking of the services, giving and receiving text messages; downloading wallpapers and ringtones and playing games. They by this way get detached with the other important activities which are so important for their social and personality development. No personal life You keep it with you all the time and everywhere. You take it with you in an important meeting. You are discussing an important aspect of the budget for approval. At this point the mobile beeps and you get distracted from the important thing that you were discussing. Take another situation. You are on a vacation and relaxing on beach. Just then the mobile vibrates and when you receive the call it is just another sales advertisement by the service company